173-194 Hamilton Asia BQ6343.B67 B37, Ishii, Kazuko (1991), Borobudur, the Tattvasamgraha, and the Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan, In: Lokesh Chandra, ed. (1918), The cannibal king in the 'Kedah Annals' Journal of the Straits Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (Singapore) 79 (Sep) 47-48, Cheu, Hock Tong (1995) ,Spiritual perspectives on the protection of the environment with special reference to Chinese Buddhist ethics [in Malaysia], Jurnal Antropologi dan Sosiologi (Kuala Lumpur) 22 129-144, Farrer, R.J. (1933), A Buddhistic purification ceremony, Journal of the Malaysian Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (Kuala Lumpur) 11, pt.2 (Dec) 261-263, Ismail, Mohamed Yusof (1987), Buddhism and ethnicity: the case of the Siamese Kelantan, Sojourn: Social Issues in Southeast Asia (Singapore) 2, no.2 (Aug) 231-254, Ling, Trevor O. Honolulu : University of Hawai`i Press, Hamilton Asia DS556.8 .M387 2004, Minh Chi, et al. Some of the most renowned Buddhist monasteries in history were built in the Gupta period. 56, no.3 (Fall) 428-454, Stuart-Fox, Martin and R. Buckneal (1982), Politicization of the Buddhist Sangha in Laos, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 13(1):70-71, Vongsavanh Boutsavath; Chapelier, Georges (1973), Lao popular Buddhism and community development, Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok) 61, pt.2 (Jul) 1-38, LAOS: BOOKS, OR BOOK CHAPTERSA Lao Buddhist (2001), Laos: in praise of Lord Buddha, In: Ahir, D.C., ed. Patriarchal societies and gender values took their toll on women's institutions. The interest in the councils lie in what philosophical, ethical, and social questions they raised and how those were resolved to support the evolution of the doctrine and spread of the community. 115-144 Hamilton Asia DS 527.9 .C66 1995, Fraser-Lu, Sylvia (2001), Splendour in wood : the Buddhist monasteries of Burma / Trumbull, CT : Weatherhill, Hamilton Asia NA6012 .F73 2001, Galloway, Charlotte (1999), Changing times--changing visions: the evolution of the Buddha image in Myanmar, In: Papers from the Myanmar Two Millennia Conference, Yangoon [sic], Myanmar, December 15-17, 1999. Dynamics of ethnic cultures across national boundaries in Southwestern China and Mainland Southeast Asia: relations, societies and languages. 47-83 Hamilton Asia DS338 .F78 2001, Ensink, Jacob (1978), Siva-Buddhism in Java and Bali, In: Bechert, Heinz, ed. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series no.207) 2001 120-126 Hamilton Asia BQ408 .B83. 557p. Yangon: s.n.,. 2001 151-187 Hamilton Asia DS523.4.C45 C45 2001, Pracha Hutanuwatra; Sulak Sivaraksa (1991), Aids and impediments to the realization of humanity according to Buddhism, In: The human being: perspectives from different spiritual traditions. (Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series no.207) 68-80 Hamilton Asia BQ408 .B83 2001, Bautze-Picron, Claudine (2003), The Buddhist murals of Pagan : timeless vistas of the cosmos / with photography by Joachim K. Bautze. 19-38 Hamilton Asia NK8877 .T72 1994, Lester, Robert C. (1973), Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press Hamilton BQ408 .L47 1973. Ling, Trevor, ed. In the monastic literature, whenever the Buddha prohibited an action and instituted a rule, he did so to please his disciples. 85-108 Hamilton Asia BQ6343.B67 B37, Forman, Bedrich(1980), Borobudir; the Buddhist legend in stone, London: Octopus Books Hamilton Asia NA6026.6.B6 F67, Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W., Jr., eds. The chief object of Daoism, however, is not redemption or salvation, at least as those goals are interpreted in other scripturally based religions. Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks: Collected Papers on the Archeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India. In mainland Southeast Asia, as in Sri Lanka, a Theravada reform movement emerged in the 11th century. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1978. In Laos and Cambodia, both of which suffered an extended period of French rule followed by devastation during the Vietnam War and the violent imposition of communist rule, the Buddhist community has been severely crippled. of plates. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1991. . 253p. Honolulu: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000. Rules concerning distance from lay settlements, for example, had to be interpreted and implemented differently depending on whether tropical, moderate, or (as in the case of Tibet and Mongolia) subarctic climatic conditions prevailed. (1990), Art history and central Javanese Buddhism--c. 800-c.1000 A.D.: In: Kuppuram, G.; Kumudamani, K., eds. 188p. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 20, no. The ways to neibban, and Notice on the phongyies, or Burmese monks Rangoon, American Mission Press Hamilton BL1445.B95 B5, Bisch, Jorgen (1997), A Dane becomes a novice monk, In: Abbott, Gerry, ed. (1982), Barabudur: a Buddhist mystery in stone, In: Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W. Jr., eds. The monastic discipline of the Buddhist clergy varies widely in the different parts of the Buddhist world. Despite the etymology, the majority of Buddhist monastics, Parsis Cao Dai survives at its monastery-fortress headquarters at Tay Ninh northwest of Ho Chi Minh City. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"n0vrUsBciEQYLYPsPe62bNWEQIwXjzV.aAZyNTZpcwg-86400-0"}; Monasteries were given land, buildings, novice sponsorship, and donations by political authorities and wealthy businesspersons as a matter of routine. Other pasts: women, gender and history in early modern Southeast Asia. 121-138 Hamilton Asia BQ6343.B67 B37, *LAOS*LAOS: JOURNAL ARTICLESAnonymous (1986) Marx, Buddha and Laos Asiaweek (Hongkong) 12, no. Monasteries spread with official support in Mgadha, Bihar, r Lak, and Southeast Asia in the early years after Buddha's death. By the 1100s C.E., Buddhism had declined mainly as a result of Muslim incursions. (eds) Seoul : Seoul National University Press. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1981. Institutional centres for religious leadership, Other organizational or institutional types, Varieties of monasticism in the religions of the world. 487-518, 9p. Two sections of the Vinaya deal with the realities of feeding, housing, and occupying itinerant Buddhist monks and nuns during the four-month Indian monsoon season. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1981. Encyclopedia of Religion. Tantra in Western nomenclature has achieved forms of signification independent from its Sanskritic use and has become a somewhat promiscuous c, Monatsschrift Fuer Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums, Monbart, Marie-Josphine de Lescun (17581800). 101-153 Hamilton Asia BQ410 .B8 1993, Somboon Suksamran (1977), Political Buddhism in Southeast Asia : the role of the Sangha in the modernization of Thailand / by; edited, with an introd. 566p. Tantrism, Daoism, and Confucianism also filtered into Vietnam at this time. Von Hinuber, Oskar. 220p18-26 Hamilton Asia BZ 911210.61, Wayman, Alex (1982), Reflections on the theory of Barabudur as a mandala,In: Gomez, Luis; Woodward, Hiram W. Jr., eds. Sculpture of Angkor and ancient Cambodia: millenium of glory. of plates. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1981. The laity in Buddhism makes up two of the four constituent parts of the sagha (monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen) and the great majority of Bu, The term monasticism is derived from the Greek word monos, which means "single" or "alone." Society, Hamilton Asia BQ408 .S46 1994, Swearer, Donald K (1981), Buddhism and society in Southeast Asia, Chambersburg, Pa.: Anima Books, 82p. In one episode from the Pali Vinaya, translated by Isaline B. Horner in The Book of the Discipline, the parents of a young man named Upli were confused about how to educate, care for, and provide for the best interests of their beloved son: "By what means could Upli, after our demise, live at ease and not be in want?" ; Nguyen Tai Thu, ed. Phra Dhammapitaka (Bhikkhu P.A. 566p. There are some early literary collections, the Thergtha hymns, and later writings, but there were few women writers. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1991. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The northern part of what is now Vietnam had been conquered by the Chinese empire in 111 bce and remained under Chinese rule until 939 ce. Through all of its manifestations it adapted to local cultures and environments and at the same time preserved its basic doctrinal message and its moderate ascetic lifestyle. The exercise of meditation, learning, ethical conduct, and progress on the path to liberation were thought to be best managed in solitude, or at least in single-gender communities that did not engage society in traditionally accepted, lay-oriented ways. Music and movement in Vietnamese Buddhism [in special issue 'Body and ritual in Buddhist musical culture'; with preface by PD Green, 9-16] The World of Music. of Religious Affairs, Hamilton Asia BQ6160.B93 S37 1986, Sao Htun Hmat Win (1985), Basic principles of Burmese buddhism /Rangoon, Burma : Dept. Phnom Penh: The Buddhist Institute, 1998. 2v. 393p. Trumbull, CT : Weatherhill Hamilton Asia ND2832.6.Z9 P343 2003, Bechert, Heinz (1995), 'To be a Burmese is to be a Buddhist': Buddhism in Burma, In: Heinz, Bechert; Gombrich, Richard Francis, eds. Religious movements and religions have had an important role on the history of the Silk Roads. In modern Indonesia and Malaysia, Buddhism exists as a living religion primarily among the Chinese minority, who in the early 21st century constituted about one-quarter of the population and were recognized by the constitution as Buddhist. Buddhist Monasticism in East Asia: Places of Practice. New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1989. The story of Anthapiika tells of support by wealthy merchants and kings, King Bimbisra in particular, who donated the Jeta Grove near Rjagha in Mgadha to the Buddha and his community of followers. 135-149 Hamilton Asia HN690.8.A8 C36 1979, Mendelson, E. Michael (1975), Sangha and state in Burma : a study of monastic sectarianism and leadership /; edited by John P. Ferguson. ." 2000 47-68 Hamilton Asia HQ1745.8 .O83 2000, Thompson, Ashley (1998), The ancestral cult in transition: reflections on spatial organization in Cambodia's early Theravada complex In: Klokke, Marijke J.; Bruijn, Thomas de, eds. Cambridge, Eng. 1982 148-162 Hamilton Asia DS555.84 .C66 1982, MALAYSIA: JOURNAL ARTICLESBlagden, C.O. The vast majority of the citizens of Myanmar, a nation in southeast Asia, are Theravada Buddhists. 252p. 253p. Moreover, wooden images of the Buddha dating from between the 2, Youth Eyes on the Silk Roads Photo Contest, The International Network of Focal Points for the Silk Roads Programme, Thematic Collection of the Cultural Exchanges along the Silk Roads, World Natural Heritage, Biosphere Reserves and Geoparks. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The Shailendra dynasty, which ruled over the Malay Peninsula and a large section of Indonesia from the 7th century to the 9th century, promoted the Mahayana and Tantric forms of Buddhism. In principle, the rules are laid down in the vinaya (monastic rules) portion of the Buddhas sermons, but monastic traditions and regulations have also been shaped by environmental and cultural conditions. In many countries, moreover, women's ordination lineages did not survive. of plates, *BURMA*BURMA: JOURNAL ARTICLESAye Kyaw (1984) The Sangha organization in nineteenth century Burma and Thailand Journal of the Siam Society (Bangkok) 72: 166-196, Bechert, Heinz (1989), The recent attempt at a reform of the Buddhist Sangha in Burma and its implications, Internationales Asienforum = International Quarterly for Asian Studies (Munchen) 20, nos.3-4 (Nov) 303-323, Becka, Jan (1990) The ideological aspects of Buddhist revival in Burma (1948-1962) Archiv Orientalni (Prague) 58, no.4 337-353, Becka, Jan (1991) The role of Buddhism as a factor of Burmese national identity in the period of British rule in Burma (1886-1948) Archiv Orientalni (Prague) 59, no.4 389-405, Brohm, J (1963), Buddhism and animism in a Burmese village, Journal of Asian Studies, 22: 155-167, Ciochon, R L, J James (1992). In some areas Buddhism was assimilated to Hinduism, forming a Hindu-oriented amalgam that in some places (for example in Bali) has persisted to the present. Buddhism in South-east Asia : mainly based on epigraphic sources / Calcutta : Atisha Memorial Pub. About a dozen orders are repudiated as heretical and are accused of using religious pretexts to indulge in antisocial behaviour. Their kings sponsored Buddhist monasteries that stretched from Afghanistan into Samarkand and through modern Pakistan. Zysk, Kenneth. In symbiosis with the laity, Buddhist monasticism has played a major role in the development of Buddhism in China. of Buddhist Studies, University of Delhi, Hamilton Asia BQ7160 .T49 1995, Schecter, Jerrold L. (1967), The new face of Buddha; Buddhism and political power in southeast Asia New York, Coward-McCann Hamilton & Hamilton Asia BL1459.S7 S3, Somboon Suksamran (1993) Buddhism, political authority, and legitimacy in Thailand and Cambodia, In: Ling, Trevor, ed. 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